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Poverty in Haiti
Poverty in Haiti affects its people in many aspects of everyday life, including housing, nutrition, education, healthcare, infant mortality rates, as well as environment. Haiti has constantly been plagued with low levels of living conditions, with many Haitians moving into the capital city of Port-au-Prince in a bid to escape poverty in the more rural areas of the country. Levels of poverty in Haiti are generally regarded as among the most severe in the western hemisphere.
== Agriculture ==
More mountainous than Switzerland, Haiti has a limited amount of cultivable land. According to soil surveys by the United States Department of Agriculture in the early 1980s, 11.3 % of the land was highly suitable for crops, while 31.7 % was suitable with some restrictions related to erosion, topography, or conservation. The surveys revealed that 2.3 % was mediocre because of poor drainage, but was acceptable for rice cultivation, and 54.7 % was appropriate only for tree crops or pastures because of severe erosion or steep slopes. According to estimates of land use in 1978, 42.2 % of land was under constant or shifting cultivation, 19.2 % was pasture land, and 38.6 % was not cultivated.〔Malik, Boulos A. "Land Use and Farming Technology". ''(A Country Study: Haiti )'' (Richard A. Haggerty, editor). Library of Congress Federal Research Division (December 1989). ''This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.''()〕
The use of purchased inputs, such as fertilizers, pesticides, machinery, and irrigation, was rare; farmers in Haiti employed traditional agricultural practices more than did farmers in any other part of the Western Hemisphere.
Small farmers also lacked access to credit. Informal credit markets flourished, but credit was not always available at planting time. When credit was available, it was usually provided at usurious rates. The country's major public financial institutions provided loans to the agricultural sector, but this lending benefited less than 10 % of all farmers. Major credit sources included the Agricultural Credit Bureau, agriculture credit societies, credit unions, cooperatives, and institutions created by nongovernmental organizations.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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